The 31st Hexagram of the I Ching: The Xián Hexagram (咸卦)
The Xián Hexagram (咸卦) is formed by the combination of two different hexagrams. The Gèn hexagram (艮) is placed at the bottom, and the Duì hexagram (兑) is placed at the top. Gèn represents a mountain and symbolizes strength (硬 yìng), while Duì represents a marsh or lake and symbolizes gentleness (柔 róu). With Duì being gentle at the top and Gèn being firm at the bottom, it is like water from the mountain soaking down, nourishing the life on the mountain. Conversely, the mountain supports the water, creating a cycle of mutual interaction and nourishment. This imagery symbolizes mutual response and influence.
In the Xián hexagram, the interaction between Duì (the water at the top) and Gèn (the mountain at the bottom) symbolizes mutual influence—a state of harmonious, responsive interaction, much like the relationship between husband and wife. This is why many scholars interpret the Xián hexagram as a symbol of marriage, representing a harmonious union based on mutual respect, understanding, and affection. The hexagram can be seen as a symbol of mutual resonance.
Interpretation from “Duan Yi Tian Ji” (断易天机):
The Xián hexagram with Duì above and Gèn below represents the Duì Palace, and is often seen as a symbol of interaction and mutual influence. This hexagram suggests that all things in the universe respond to each other, just like the emotional and physical interactions between a husband and wife. With proper resonance, all things will go smoothly and harmoniously.
Interpretation from Shao Yong (邵雍), a Song Dynasty scholar of the I Ching:
The hexagram reflects the idea of mutual influence between the sexes, as well as the importance of responding to things in the right way. When there is mutual resonance, everything aligns and becomes prosperous. The hexagram also emphasizes the importance of being aware of the right timing and making decisions based on a deep understanding of the situation.
Interpretation from Fu Pei-Rong (傅佩荣), a prominent scholar of Chinese classics in Taiwan:
- Fortune: When you remain humble and respectful toward others, you will achieve success and honor.
- Wealth: Prosperity can be gained through trading or business ventures.
- Home: Understanding the limits and boundaries of relationships leads to harmony. A balanced and harmonious relationship between the sexes is key.
- Health: If feeling weak or ill, focus on nourishment and recuperation.
Traditional Interpretation of the Hexagram:
The Xián hexagram is formed by the stacking of Gèn (mountain) below and Duì (water) above. Gèn represents a firm, unyielding mountain, while Duì represents a fluid, nurturing body of water. The hexagram symbolizes a mutual interaction—the water from above nourishes the mountain, while the mountain supports and holds the water, creating a dynamic, responsive relationship. This represents a harmonious union in which both forces work together for mutual benefit.
Major Symbolism:
In the Xián hexagram, the image of a young man (少男 shào nán) under a young woman (少女 shào nǚ) suggests mutual resonance between two entities. This is often interpreted as the symbol of marriage, representing the ideal interaction between the two sexes: one that is harmonious, responsive, and mutually supportive.
Fortune:
This hexagram suggests that things will go smoothly and according to plan if there is proper mutual understanding. However, be cautious of relationships or emotions that are not built on solid, genuine grounds. Acting impulsively in personal matters can lead to difficulties. Patience and respect toward others will result in positive outcomes.
Career:
Harmony is key. When you maintain peaceful and respectful relationships with others, success will follow. Focus on sincerity, and engage with people earnestly. Cultivate a wide network of friends, be humble and polite, and build your career with a clear sense of purpose. Avoid following trends blindly. During difficult times, it is better to wait for the right moment rather than forcing things.
Business:
There is potential for profit, but success comes from genuine efforts and sincere interactions with others. Pay attention to the market, avoid rash decisions, and instead focus on careful analysis and building strong partnerships. Be patient in difficult times and listen to diverse opinions before taking action.
Seeking Fame:
Focus on broad and meaningful goals, while staying grounded. Remain open to advice from those who are knowledgeable and supportive. Avoid isolation or coldness; an open heart will attract opportunities for growth and recognition.
Marriage and Relationships:
There is a high potential for success in relationships, particularly marriage. Both partners have strong feelings for one another, but it is crucial to ensure that the motivations behind the relationship are pure. A marriage based on mutual respect, affection, and understanding will lead to lasting happiness.
Decision-Making:
This hexagram suggests that things are likely to go well. Relationships and social interactions are favorable, and people will respond positively to your sincere, selfless attitude. When cooperating with others, stay true to your principles. Avoid indecision and hesitation. During challenging times, take a step back, reflect on your experiences, and strategize for future growth. Remain genuine in your dealings with others and avoid negative or deceptive individuals.
Philosophical Meaning of the First Line of the Xián Hexagram
Yao Text:
Chū Liù (初六): Xián qí mǔ
Yao Text Interpretation:
Mǔ refers to the big toe of the foot. This line means: the sensation or response occurs at the big toe of the foot.
When this line appears, it suggests that at the beginning, there is mutual attraction between two people. However, the desire to develop a relationship is still in its infancy. The time is not yet ripe, so it is not advisable to take the initiative. At this stage, the mutual feeling is superficial, and it is not yet time for action.
Advice:
Do not rush forward or doubt the situation; there is no need for self-confusion.
Small perseverance will lead to great success, as mutual feelings will follow.
Focus on things that have clear boundaries, do not be reckless, and avoid rushing.
Like a traveler waiting for the birds to deliver a message from afar, a slight sense of worry will fade naturally.
The Change of the First Line:
The first line changes, leading to Hexagram 49: Zé Huǒ Gé (泽火革). This is a combination of Li (火) below and Duì (泽) above. Li represents fire, and Duì represents water, symbolizing the relationship between fire and water. The interaction between these two forces is inherently contradictory—fire dries up water, while water can extinguish fire. This mutual interaction leads to change, which is a fundamental principle of the universe.
Philosophical Meaning of the Second Line of the Xián Hexagram
Yao Text:
Liù Èr (六二): Xián qí fēi, xiōng; jū jí.
Yao Text Interpretation:
Fēi refers to the calf (the lower part of the leg).
This line means: the sensation occurs in the calf, indicating trouble if one takes the initiative, but peace and prosperity will follow if one stays in a position of calm.
When this line appears, it warns against rushing into action to win someone’s favor, as this may lead to difficulties. At this early stage, patience is key. If you act too hastily or force a connection, it is unlikely to succeed. Instead, take a step back, maintain your composure, and proceed slowly. This cautious approach will lead to eventual success.
Advice:
Do not rush forward when the situation is uncertain, as hasty decisions will lead to failure.
Avoid impulsive action—waiting for the right time will bring positive outcomes.
If you remain calm and steady, there will be prosperity and celebration.
The Change of the Second Line:
The second line changes, leading to Hexagram 28: Zé Fēng Dà Guò (泽风大过). This hexagram combines Xùn (wind) below and Duì (water) above. It symbolizes a situation where external forces are overwhelming, and an imbalance can cause things to go wrong. Dà Guò represents excessive force or actions taken too far. At this point, there is a danger of overstepping boundaries, leading to unfavorable outcomes.
Philosophical Meaning of the Third Line of the Xián Hexagram
Yao Text:
Jiǔ Sān (九三): Xián qí gǔ, zhí qí suí, wǎng lìn.
Yao Text Interpretation:
Gǔ refers to the thigh.
Zhí means to stubbornly follow or insist.
Suí means to follow others.
This line means: the sensation occurs in the thigh, but one should not blindly follow others. Acting without thinking or following someone else’s lead will lead to difficulties.
When this line appears, it warns that if you are too eager and follow others blindly, you may find yourself in a difficult or passive situation. Whether in romantic relationships or other matters, acting out of impatience or following others without considering the consequences can lead to hardship. The key is to avoid being overly attached to others’ actions or opinions.
Advice:
Do not claim that things are unattainable without proper effort; focus on proper progress.
Do not insist on acting alone; rather, follow the natural flow and keep your goals in mind.
Focus on areas that show potential, but do not force anything prematurely, especially in relationships.
There are benefits to careful and steady progress, particularly in marriage or personal matters.
The Change of the Third Line:
The third line changes, leading to Hexagram 45: Zé Dì Cuì (泽地萃). This hexagram is formed by Kūn (earth) below and Duì (water) above, symbolizing the gathering and unity of people. Cuì represents union, coming together, and focusing efforts to overcome obstacles. When this hexagram appears, it indicates that careful, cooperative efforts will lead to success. Working with others in a supportive and harmonious manner brings about the best results.
Philosophical Meaning of the Fourth Line of the Xián Hexagram
Yao Text:
Jiǔ Sì (九四): Zhēn jí, huǐ wáng; chōng chōng wǎng lái, péng cóng ěr sī.
Yao Text Interpretation:
Zhēn refers to sincerity and steadfastness, indicating being honest and genuine with others.
Huǐ wáng means there are no regrets, no remorse.
Chōng chōng wǎng lái describes frequent and uncertain visits or interactions.
Cóng means to follow or comply with.
This line suggests that good fortune is possible, and the difficulties and struggles will eventually fade away. Even if you feel restless or unsure, in the end, your friends will align with your wishes. The key is to remain sincere, and your efforts will be met with success.
Advice:
Long journeys take time, and doubts may lead to regret later.
Like a crane delivering a message from afar, a new opportunity will soon arise.
One should remain active yet calm, moving between different tasks.
Like the changing seasons—effort is required for growth and success.
At the start of any relationship, persistence and diligence are key.
Stay steadfast in your principles, and your loyalty will be unwavering.
The Change of the Fourth Line:
The fourth line changes, leading to Hexagram 39: Shuǐ Shān Jiǎn (水山蹇). This hexagram is a combination of Kǎn (water) below and Gèn (mountain) above. It symbolizes a situation where, like a mountain rising from water, obstacles are severe, and one must tread carefully. The challenges are overwhelming, and the wise approach is to stop when encountering danger. Jiǎn suggests difficulty in movement and progress.
Philosophical Meaning of the Fifth Line of the Xián Hexagram
Yao Text:
Jiǔ Wǔ (九五): Xián qí huì, wú huǐ.
Yao Text Interpretation:
Huì refers to the spine, specifically the inner part of the back.
This line suggests that the sensation occurs in the spine, indicating a lack of regret and an absence of remorse. In terms of relationships, this line advises paying attention to whether the other person shares your feelings. If they do not respond, it may be due to their indifference or lack of attention. In such a case, it is better to stop trying to win their affection, as it may be a futile effort.
Advice:
Many things may seem promising, but true results take time.
The right opportunity will present itself like a deer crossing your path.
Completion does not mean perfection—there are still things to work through.
Seek clarity and truth, like the moon reflecting on still water.
Focus on things that matter, and do not be distracted by others.
Even if there is no immediate response, there is no harm in waiting.
The Change of the Fifth Line:
The fifth line changes, leading to Hexagram 62: Léi Shān Xiǎo Guò (雷山小过). This hexagram is formed by Gèn (mountain) below and Zhèn (thunder) above, symbolizing a small but significant force. Xiǎo Guò represents a slight overstep or a minor excess. The image is of thunder striking a mountain, which indicates a sense of caution but also suggests that small actions can have larger repercussions.
Philosophical Meaning of the Sixth Line of the Xián Hexagram
Yao Text:
Shàng Liù (上六): Xián qí fǔ, jiá, shé.
Yao Text Interpretation:
Fǔ refers to the jaw or teeth.
Jiá means the cheek.
Shé refers to the tongue.
This line suggests that the sensation is located in the mouth—specifically the jaw, cheek, and tongue—indicating a tendency to speak without restraint, to express oneself without thought or care for consequences.
Advice:
This line warns against speaking too freely or carelessly. When we speak without thinking, we may create unnecessary trouble. It suggests a situation where one might talk too much or speak impulsively, leading to negative outcomes. Caution is needed in communication.
The Change of the Sixth Line:
The sixth line changes, leading to Hexagram 33: Tiān Shān Dùn (天山遁). This hexagram is formed by Qián (heaven) above and Gèn (mountain) below, symbolizing a retreat or withdrawal. In times of difficulty or danger, it is wise to step back and protect oneself. Dùn refers to retreat, suggesting that when faced with adversity or danger, one should pull back, conserve strength, and await the right moment to act.