The Guān Hexagram: Symbolism and Meaning
The Symbolism of the Guān Hexagram (Wind over Earth)
The Guān Hexagram is composed of two trigrams: Xùn (巽) for wind on top and Kūn (坤) for earth below. This combination creates a powerful metaphor for the spreading of virtue and education.
The image of wind moving across the earth symbolizes the way virtue or knowledge can be disseminated far and wide, reaching every corner without exclusion. Xùn represents wind, which is fast-moving, pervasive, and invisible, while Kūn represents the earth, which is vast, receptive, and grounded. This suggests that people should strive to act as the wind—spreading wisdom or virtue without obstruction—and the earth will serve as a receptive base, watching and learning from the wind’s actions.
Thus, the Guān Hexagram emphasizes the importance of observing and learning from the virtues and qualities of others with respect and admiration.
Interpretation by Duàn Yì Tiānjī (断易天机)
The Guān Hexagram, formed by Xùn above and Kūn below, is a symbol of showing moral principles and wisdom to the public. The wind above represents the spread of influence, like a spring breeze nurturing all things, while the earth below suggests the receptivity of the people, who observe and are moved by such virtue.
Interpretation by the Northern Song Dynasty Scholar Shào Yōng (邵雍)
In his interpretation, Shào Yōng suggests that when you receive the Guān Hexagram, it is time for observation and reflection. The key idea is to maintain a calm heart and to be firm in your position. This hexagram advises you to wait and observe carefully during times of change and uncertainty. Avoid rash actions and instead wait for the right moment to act.
Interpretation by Taiwanese Scholar Fù Pèiróng (傅佩荣)
- Timing: It’s a good time to travel or explore, but not a time for staying idle.
- Wealth: Be cautious in trading foreign goods, as there are risks to be aware of.
- Family: Focus on spiritual practices and devotion, such as making offerings to deities.
- Health: The hexagram indicates susceptibility to wind-related ailments, such as rheumatism, and suggests that regular exercise and care can help mitigate this.
Traditional Interpretation of the Guān Hexagram
The Guān Hexagram combines the trigrams Kūn below and Xùn above, indicating a situation where wisdom and virtue spread across the world like the wind. It is paired with the Lín Hexagram (临), and together, they represent how influence can be exerted from above, with the people looking up in admiration and being inspired to follow virtuous behavior.
The Big Image (Dà Xiàng):
The wind blowing across the earth suggests the metaphor of traveling or observing widely. This symbolizes the spreading of wisdom and influence across vast distances. When the Yin energy (passive) increases and the Yang energy (active) wanes, it signals a time when things are difficult to progress, and the righteous path begins to diminish.
Fortune and Career Advice Based on the Guān Hexagram
The hexagram suggests that during times of transition, it is important to carefully observe what is happening around you. The changing circumstances may cause emotional or mental stress, and you must be vigilant against external temptations or distractions.
- Career: If your career is showing signs of instability, exercise humility and caution. Avoid acting hastily or impulsively. Keep a long-term perspective and focus on maintaining good relationships with others. It’s also wise to align yourself with those who have strong moral character to facilitate further growth.
- Business: The market is unstable, so it is important to monitor the situation closely. Be cautious and prepared for change. Plan for the long term, and always be ready to adjust your strategy as necessary.
- Reputation: This hexagram advises you to remain humble and open to learning from others. Do not become complacent or overly satisfied with your current achievements. Stay focused on your true goals and maintain a moral compass.
- Love and Relationships: If you’re facing challenges in a relationship, it is important to take time to reflect and plan carefully. Endure through difficult moments, and ultimately, a favorable outcome will emerge.
- Decision-Making: Those who are good at organizing and managing others will be in positions of leadership. However, the path ahead will not be smooth, and it is crucial to cultivate foresight and strong observation skills. Always act with fairness and care, paying attention to the feelings and dynamics of others. Avoid following the wrong path or making short-sighted decisions. At times, it may be wise to rely on strategy and patience, rather than rushing to make choices.
In conclusion, the Guān Hexagram calls for wisdom, patience, and careful observation. Whether in leadership, business, or personal life, it stresses the importance of acting with virtue and learning from others’ strengths. By maintaining a humble and calm approach, you will find success through thoughtful reflection and timely action.
Philosophical Meaning of the First Line of the Guān Hexagram
Line 1: Chū Liù (初六) – “Tóng Guān, xiǎo rén wú jiù, jūn zǐ lìn”
The line text: “Tóng Guān, xiǎo rén wú jiù, jūn zǐ lìn”
Translation: “Childish observation, no harm to the petty person, but the gentleman feels shame.”
Interpretation of the Line
“Tóng” (童) refers to childish, immature, or short-sighted observation. The meaning of this line suggests that looking at things with an immature or simplistic perspective might not bring harm to common people, who are unaware and uncritical. However, for a gentleman, who has the responsibility of educating and guiding others, such limited or narrow views would be shameful.
This line teaches that in a position of authority or responsibility, one must rise above narrow views and adopt a broader, more refined perspective. For those in leadership or mentorship roles, the duty is to see beyond immediate, simplistic judgments and approach matters with wisdom and a comprehensive viewpoint.
“If you receive this line, remember:
The gentleman should rise to the occasion, but mountains will bring regret if taken lightly.
When joy appears, beware of sorrow; in autumn, how will you face it?
A wild ghost draws a bow to shoot at its master, a single arrow pierces the eye, causing panic.
Suddenly, the red sun rises over the vast sea, illuminating the void, but things do not succeed.
Observing without action may seem beneficial, but it leads to regret.
Lacking deeper understanding brings shame to the gentleman.”
Transformation of the First Line
When the first line changes, it becomes the Yì Hexagram (益), which is Hexagram 42: Wind over Thunder. This hexagram symbolizes mutual benefit and support, where the wind (Xùn) and thunder (Zhèn) work together, gaining strength as they interact. Unlike the Sǔn Hexagram (损), which focuses on diminishing in order to benefit, Yì represents the principle of mutual growth and benefit. This shift indicates that a change in perspective may lead to positive, constructive outcomes.
Philosophical Meaning of the Second Line of the Guān Hexagram
Line 2: Liù Èr (六二) – “Kuī Guān, lì nǚ zhēn”
The line text: “Kuī Guān, lì nǚ zhēn”
Translation: “Peering through a gap, beneficial for a woman’s chastity.”
Interpretation of the Line
“Kuī” (窥) refers to peering or looking through a gap, spying, or observing secretly. This line uses the metaphor of a woman peeking through a door crack to suggest that while it may be acceptable for a woman, who is maintaining her virtue by staying in the home, to engage in such secretive observation, it is not appropriate for a man. For men, it is important to broaden their vision and take a more open, honest approach to their actions and thoughts.
The idea here is that narrow or hidden views, symbolized by peeking, are acceptable in certain circumstances but should be avoided in a larger, more responsible context. In other words, if a person is observing from a limited or secretive standpoint, they may not see the full truth. One must strive for a broader, more open perspective, especially when in positions of responsibility.
“If you receive this line, remember:
A woman guarding the willow blossoms in spring brings joy, while a noblewoman waits at the gate with an arrow in hand.
The cloud ladder is not yet able to ascend, the danger becomes evident when the vision is limited.
The hexagram is gentle and humble; it is favorable for the woman who is chaste.
A wise person should not just observe from the shadows; clear vision is needed.
The wise and the secretive act differently.
Both light and dark require careful attention, as when flowers wither and new seeds emerge.”
Transformation of the Second Line
When the second line changes, it becomes The Huàn Hexagram (涣), Hexagram 59: Wind over Water. This hexagram represents dispersal or diffusion. The wind moves over the water, causing waves to spread. It suggests that things are scattered and disorganized, and to restore balance, one must take action to overcome the disorder and bring things back together.
Philosophical Meaning of the Third Line of the Guān Hexagram
Line 3: Liù Sān (六三) – “Guān wǒ shēng, jìn tuì”
The line text: “Guān wǒ shēng, jìn tuì”
Translation: “Observe my life, progress and retreat.”
Interpretation of the Line
This line emphasizes introspection and careful evaluation of one’s own actions. It suggests observing how others react to you and reflecting on your own decisions before making any further moves. Whether you are advancing or retreating, you must assess the situation carefully and with caution.
The line advises not to rush into decisions but to carefully observe and reflect on your situation before proceeding. It suggests that success comes from balanced decision-making, taking time to evaluate both your internal feelings and the external circumstances.
“If you receive this line, remember:
There is no harm in both progress and retreat, but indecision may cause trouble.
Acting upon difficulties is wisdom; knowing when to step back is prudent.
When friends come to celebrate, the rewards double.
Songs fill the streets, and the wind pushes the sails.
Swallows fly with letters, bringing good news.
A lonely guest finds comfort, from here on the fishing platform.”
Transformation of the Third Line
When the third line changes, it becomes the Jiàn Hexagram (渐), Hexagram 53: Wind over Mountain. This hexagram represents gradual progress, symbolized by the growing mountain with wood on top. The process is slow and steady, but progress is assured with perseverance. This suggests that instead of rushing, one should focus on gradual, continuous improvement.
Philosophical Meaning of the Fourth Line of the Guān Hexagram
Line 4: Liù Sì (六四) – “Guān guó zhī guāng, lì yòng bīn yú wáng”
The line text: “Guān guó zhī guāng, lì yòng bīn yú wáng”
Translation: “Observe the nation’s glory, it is beneficial to serve the king as a guest.”
Interpretation of the Line
“Guó” (国) refers to the country or the nation as a whole, while “guāng” (光) refers to the culture, customs, and practices of the people. “Bīn” (宾) refers to a guest or someone who serves under a ruler. This line suggests that observing the glory of a nation and its people’s customs can be a valuable experience, and it is beneficial to follow the king’s example and serve in government positions.
The line emphasizes the importance of cultivating noble qualities, having great aspirations, and maintaining harmonious relationships with both superiors and subordinates. By doing so, one will be valued and given the opportunity to make significant contributions.
“If you receive this line, remember:
People store rain and moisture, yet flowers bloom unchanging with the spring.
Documents written in the clouds shape national power, awaiting transformation in a broad sweep.
Opportunities for advancement appear frequent; success is found on the broad path.
The right people will bring fortune, and the family will enjoy prosperity.
Remember to act with integrity and balance; a clear heart leads to no mistakes.”
Transformation of the Fourth Line
When the fourth line changes, it becomes The Pǐ Hexagram (否), Hexagram 12: Earth over Heaven. This hexagram represents a time when the energies of the heavens and the earth are blocked, indicating stagnation or blockage in the natural flow. The change from Tài (泰) to Pǐ represents the shift from extreme harmony to imbalance. The two hexagrams, Tài and Pǐ, are complementary opposites, illustrating the cyclical nature of change. This shift suggests that after a period of blockage, new opportunities will emerge.
Philosophical Meaning of the Fifth Line of the Guān Hexagram
Line 5: Jiǔ Wǔ (九五) – “Guān wǒ shēng, jūn zǐ wú jiù”
The line text: “Guān wǒ shēng, jūn zǐ wú jiù”
Translation: “Observe my life, the gentleman will not face harm.”
Interpretation of the Line
This line speaks of self-examination in relation to high moral standards. It advises one to observe their own behavior and actions according to the principles of virtue, which will ensure that the gentleman will not fall into trouble. The line underscores the importance of personal integrity and aligning actions with moral values.
The line also highlights the idea that one’s conduct should be in line with the highest standards, like a parent teaching their child not to fight or use bad language, and showing the child through their own actions. This way, the child will understand what is expected of them.
“If you receive this line, remember:
First, examine yourself before overseeing others, be righteous in order to govern.
When both superiors and subordinates are in harmony, great success follows.
The position of a noble person is firm and secure; their reputation and influence will expand.
Like a fish swimming in clear waters, peaks appear beyond the mountains.
Clouds linger, the moon shines faintly.
A lone wild goose flies in the sky, withering flowers in the evening wind.”
Transformation of the Fifth Line
When the fifth line changes, it becomes The Bō Hexagram (剥), Hexagram 23: Mountain over Earth. This hexagram represents a situation where the energies of the earth and mountain are in opposition, with a greater emphasis on decline or decay. It suggests that, in a time of great imbalance, those who are in power may face difficulties or loss. The line warns of setbacks, especially when the influence of lowly individuals (the “small men”) rises while the noble ones struggle.
Philosophical Meaning of the Sixth Line of the Guān Hexagram
Line 6: Shàng Jiǔ (上九) – “Guān qí shēng, jūn zǐ wú jiù”
The line text: “Guān qí shēng, jūn zǐ wú jiù”
Translation: “Observe his life, the gentleman will not face harm.”
Interpretation of the Line
The sixth line also speaks of observing the actions and morality of a leader or ruler. This time, the focus is on the relationship between the observer (the gentleman) and the ruler (the king), emphasizing that by carefully observing the ruler’s actions and character, the gentleman will remain unaffected by disaster. It suggests the importance of understanding the behavior of those in power and learning from their virtuous actions.
This line conveys the message that the gentleman must continually monitor and learn from the conduct of others, especially those in positions of authority, to ensure their own moral and ethical integrity.
“If you receive this line, remember:
From high above, seeing the truth brings clarity; dwelling in solitude, one must preserve their principles.
A letter with splendid words travels far, carried on a light boat’s sail.
The noble one reflects and cultivates themselves with sincerity.
When the heart is open, the mind is at peace.
Delays bring uncertainty, as the path forward is not clear.
Though you persist, there will be struggles along the way.”
Transformation of the Sixth Line
When the sixth line changes, it becomes The Bǐ Hexagram (比), Hexagram 8: Earth over Water. This hexagram symbolizes unity, mutual support, and harmony, reflecting a time when people come together to support each other. The focus is on the interconnectedness of all individuals, emphasizing cooperation and a selfless, unified approach to achieving goals. This shift indicates a move from individual observation to collective action and the importance of working together in harmony.