The 18th Hexagram of the I Ching: Gǔ (蛊) – The Hexagram of Corruption
The Symbolic Meaning of the Gǔ Hexagram: Mountain and Wind
Gǔ (蛊) is formed by the combination of two trigrams: Gèn (艮) and Xùn (巽). The upper trigram, Gèn (艮), represents the mountain, while the lower trigram, Xùn (巽), represents wind. Wind blowing against the mountain causes the plants and fruits to scatter and disrupt, symbolizing the beginning of decay. Xùn represents following or yielding, while Gèn represents stopping or holding firm, leading to stagnation and eventual corruption. Thus, this hexagram symbolizes decay, degeneration, and corruption.
The term “Gǔ” is said to have originated from an ancient practice of placing poisonous insects in a container. These insects would fight and consume each other until only the strongest insect remained, which was called the “Gǔ” (蛊). The “Gǔ” insect, being the most toxic, represents the extreme of poison. In the context of the I Ching, this hexagram indicates a situation of extreme corruption and negative circumstances.
Interpretation of the Gǔ Hexagram
- Gǔ refers to a situation where decay or corruption has set in, symbolized by insects breeding in a stagnant container. The situation is bad, but there is still potential for recovery. This hexagram is considered half misfortune, half fortune. It warns that while things are not in a good state, decisive action can turn the situation around. It calls for deep reflection and active effort to rectify and renew the situation before it worsens.
- Shào Yōng (邵雍), an ancient scholar, interpreted the Gǔ hexagram as a “return of souls” from the Xùn Palace, a reference to spiritual or physical restoration through reform. When corruption or stagnation has taken root, it is essential to clear it out, just as one would cleanse a container infested with insects.
Explanation of the Gǔ Hexagram by Fù Pèi Róng (傅佩荣)
- Times: Effort to revitalize yourself and adjust your perspectives is crucial.
- Wealth: It is unwise to hoard; instead, it is better to sell off accumulated assets.
- Home: Restructure the family’s values and environment; there may be private affairs to resolve. Issues related to fertility or offspring may arise.
- Health: Caution is needed regarding illnesses or possible spells or curses, as “Gǔ” represents the harmful effects of corruption or decay.
Traditional Interpretation of the Gǔ Hexagram
This hexagram is formed by stacking the Xùn (巽) and Gèn (艮) trigrams, and it shares a complementary relationship with Suí (随), the Hexagram of Following. The word “Gǔ” (蛊) is often associated with things that are disorderly, chaotic, or corrupt. A container left unused for too long becomes infested with insects, which symbolizes how a situation left unchecked will decay and collapse. The Gǔ hexagram advises that in times of stagnation and corruption, reform and revitalization are necessary to prevent further decline.
The Image:
Wind enters the mountain’s base and fails to exit, causing decay and the emergence of pests. This represents stagnation in action and the gradual decay of what was once alive. The hexagram warns that clinging to the status quo leads to failure, and changes must be made to avoid ruin.
Fortune:
The situation may be difficult, confusing, and full of obstacles. One may feel trapped and unable to make progress. Bold reform is recommended; otherwise, the situation will worsen, bringing internal and external troubles.
Specific Guidance Based on the Gǔ Hexagram
- Career: The situation is unfavorable, possibly due to external conditions or personal factors. To overcome this, careful analysis is required to identify weaknesses. One must act decisively, taking calculated risks and seeking advice from knowledgeable individuals. Success can be achieved by remaining focused and persistent, even when faced with difficulties.
- Business: You may face many challenges. Continuing on the same path is not advisable. Thoroughly analyze the market and be prepared to make quick, decisive moves. Seek out new opportunities and adapt to changing circumstances.
- Reputation: You will face significant challenges and setbacks. However, these difficulties should be seen as tests. With courage and persistence, you can continue to fight and overcome obstacles. Humility and self-reflection are also necessary to address weaknesses.
- Relationships: Things are not going well. If both parties are committed, efforts should be made to nurture and strengthen the relationship. Married couples should work together to maintain harmony in the family.
- Decision-Making: The timing may be unfavorable, and both personal and professional situations may be in decline. Confront the reality of the situation with determination and hard work. Take risks if necessary, but also exercise patience and wait for the right moment to act. Only by remaining persistent and open to change will you be able to turn things around.
In conclusion, the Gǔ hexagram is one of decay and crisis. It advises against complacency and inaction. When faced with a deteriorating situation, it is crucial to revitalize and transform. Bold reform, introspection, and seeking guidance from wise counsel are necessary for overcoming the challenges it presents. Whether in business, health, or personal life, change is the only way forward to avoid further decline and restore balance and prosperity.
Philosophical Meaning of the First Line of the Gǔ Hexagram
Line Text: Chū Liù (初六): Gān fù zhī gǔ, yǒu zǐ, kǎo wú jiù; lì zhōng jí (干父之蛊，有子，考无咎；厉终吉)
Interpretation of the Line Text:
- Gān (干): Refers to intervention, rectification, and correction.
- Kǎo (考): Refers to elders, particularly older male figures like fathers or ancestors.
The meaning of this line is about resolving the issues left behind by the father or ancestors. If you are a good successor (symbolized by “having children”), you can help the older generation escape blame or guilt. While there may be danger or challenges, the end result will be fortunate if the task is approached correctly.
If you receive this hexagram, it may indicate that you have taken over a new position or role where the previous leader or predecessor left many unresolved problems. These may be bad habits, old customs, or a pile of unsolved issues, or perhaps even debts. The key here is to use patience and your abilities to address these challenges. While the situation may be troublesome, it also provides you with an opportunity to demonstrate your capability. Whether or not you are a suitable successor for this position will be proven by your ability to resolve these problems.
Chū Liù: Gān fù zhī gǔ, yǒu zǐ, kǎo wú jiù; lì zhōng jí
For those who draw this hexagram, remember the following:
- Success requires taking risks; success or failure often comes with uncertainty about moving forward or retreating.
- Whether the snake or pig comes, it is fortunate to proceed; it is wise to seek convenient ways to ascend the ladder.
- When things are at their worst, they must be adjusted; past rules need to be revised.
- Intentions should be changed as needed, and losses or gains must follow the times.
- Patience is required, but there should be no errors.
The Transformation of the Gǔ Hexagram First Line
When Chū Liù moves, it transforms into the 26th Hexagram of the I Ching: Shān Tiān Dà Chù (山天大畜). This hexagram is formed by the combination of two trigrams: Qián (乾) and Gèn (艮). Qián, representing Heaven, is strong and unyielding, while Gèn, representing the Mountain, is stable and firm. Dà Xù, meaning “great accumulation,” suggests that by accumulating resources or inner strength, one can overcome even the most difficult challenges. This transformation represents the idea that, through persistent effort and cultivating one’s virtues, one can prepare for future success, overcoming obstacles and difficulties.
Philosophical Meaning of the Second Line of the Gǔ Hexagram
Line Text: Jiǔ Èr (九二): Gān mǔ zhī gǔ, bù kě zhēn (干母之蛊，不可贞)
Interpretation of the Line Text:
- Gān (干): Refers to intervention, correction, and regulation.
- Mǔ (母): Refers to the mother, or maternal ancestors.
This line suggests that one must address the issues created by the mother’s generation, but it is important not to be too rigid or authoritarian in doing so. The advice here is to avoid being overly decisive and assertive. Instead, you should exercise patience and wait for the right moment to act. Rushing to judgment or action is not advised. Focus on maintaining the right path, and once the timing is right, you can act decisively.
Jiǔ Èr: Gān mǔ zhī gǔ, bù kě zhēn
For those who draw this hexagram, remember:
- Acting with rigidity in internal matters will make success difficult.
- The noble path lies in balancing firmness and flexibility, responding with grace and patience.
- The mother’s path cannot be easily rectified; it shows that nature is difficult to alter.
- Follow what is appropriate in a situation and be cautious in your approach.
- Dark paths lead to unclear outcomes, and anxiety will result if matters are not properly aligned.
- Eventually, everything will resolve with a smile, so there’s no need for doubt or suspicion.
The Transformation of the Gǔ Hexagram Second Line
When Jiǔ Èr moves, it transforms into the 52nd Hexagram of the I Ching: Gèn wèi Shān (艮为山). This hexagram is formed by the stacking of the Gèn (艮) trigram on both top and bottom. Gèn symbolizes mountain, and when it appears twice, it represents stillness and the need for reflection and careful consideration. After the peaks of activity, one must experience periods of quietude, allowing for personal growth and inner stillness. The key here is to know when to act and when to pause, balancing action with inaction.
Philosophical Meaning of the Third Line of the Gǔ Hexagram
Line Text: Jiǔ Sān (九三): Gān fù zhī gǔ, xiǎo yǒu huǐ, wú dà jiù (干父之蛊，小有悔，无大咎)
Interpretation of the Line Text: This line refers to addressing the mistakes or wrongdoings of the father or ancestors. There may be some regret for the approach taken, but no significant harm will come from it. When rectifying the father’s mistakes, you must avoid going too far. Over-correction or harsh actions may lead to regret, but doing nothing will be detrimental in the long run. Thus, while there may be small setbacks, they are not catastrophic, and in the end, everything will turn out well.
Jiǔ Sān: Gān fù zhī gǔ, xiǎo yǒu huǐ, wú dà jiù
For those who draw this hexagram, remember:
- Like jade and stone, you may encounter some minor regrets, but don’t be overly troubled.
- Ultimately, no significant harm will come if caution is exercised.
- Father’s mistakes, like mother’s, must be addressed, but they should not be overdone.
- Keep a calm and steady approach, being mindful of small issues that may arise.
- Old problems need time to be addressed, and the path ahead requires flexibility.
- Recognize the right timing for action, and ensure that progress is steady and secure.
The Transformation of the Gǔ Hexagram Third Line
When Jiǔ Sān moves, it transforms into the 4th Hexagram of the I Ching: Shān Shuǐ Méng (山水蒙). This hexagram is made by combining the Gèn (艮) trigram for the mountain and the Kǎn (坎) trigram for water. The image represents a mountain with water below it, symbolizing danger or risk, yet one must continue moving forward even when the situation is unclear or confusing. The lesson here is about learning and gaining clarity, even in challenging circumstances. It’s a time for growth through difficulty, where careful action in the right moments will lead to success.
Philosophical Meaning of the Fourth Line of the Gǔ Hexagram
Line Text: Liù Sì (六四): Yù fù zhī gǔ, wǎng jiàn lìn (裕父之蛊，往见吝)
Interpretation of the Line Text:
- Yù (裕): Refers to tolerance, indulgence, or leniency.
- Lìn (吝): Refers to being stingy or parsimonious, typically in a moral sense.
This line suggests that by tolerating or indulging the problems left behind by the father or ancestors, you may inadvertently cause regret or harm in the future. The core of the message is about overlooking issues due to fear of confrontation or personal inconvenience. The advice is that in dealing with inherited problems, one should not be lenient or passive, as doing so will allow negative tendencies to spread further, leading to future complications and risks.
If you draw this hexagram, it may indicate that you have stepped into a new role where the previous incumbent left many unresolved issues. However, out of concern for offending others, you may choose to ignore or casually address these problems. Such inaction or half-hearted correction can perpetuate bad practices and lead to undesirable outcomes.
Liù Sì: Yù fù zhī gǔ, wǎng jiàn lìn
For those who draw this hexagram, remember:
- There are difficult paths ahead, filled with obstacles, and you will face frustration along the way.
- Like a snake and a horse moving together, your efforts may stretch on through difficult times.
- The journey is long and fraught with dangers; one must adapt to stay safe and successful.
- Don’t rely on old, worn-out solutions; instead, embrace change and be ready to act according to the times.
The Transformation of the Gǔ Hexagram Fourth Line
When Liù Sì moves, it transforms into the 50th Hexagram of the I Ching: Huǒ Fēng Dǐng (火风鼎). This hexagram is formed by the combination of two trigrams: Xùn (巽) and Lí (离). Lí symbolizes fire, which represents warmth and transformation, while Xùn symbolizes wind, indicating movement or change. The Dǐng (鼎) represents a tripod, symbolizing stability and strength. The imagery of boiling food represents nourishment and growth. This transformation suggests that after facing obstacles and difficulties, it is time for renewal and transformation. It is an ideal moment to embrace change, innovate, and build a solid foundation for future growth.
Philosophical Meaning of the Fifth Line of the Gǔ Hexagram
Line Text: Liù Wǔ (六五): Gān fù zhī gǔ, yòng yù (干父之蛊，用誉)
Interpretation of the Line Text:
- Yòng (用): Refers to using or enjoying something.
- Yù (誉): Refers to praise or commendation.
This line signifies that by rectifying the mistakes or corrupt practices of the father or ancestors, one will receive great praise. The fifth line represents a position of leadership or authority, where the individual uses gentleness and virtue to correct the errors of the past. By promoting values such as diligence, integrity, and morality, one earns respect and admiration from others. This line suggests that a focus on moral leadership and virtuous governance will lead to positive recognition and long-term success.
Liù Wǔ: Gān fù zhī gǔ, yòng yù
For those who draw this hexagram, remember:
- Overcoming family burdens leads to an increase in wealth and influence.
- With recognition comes responsibility; a good successor strengthens what was inherited.
- Through virtue and integrity, a noble person ascends to the highest positions.
- A person of virtue enjoys both reputation and success, as their deeds are widely admired.
- The clear path is like the flowing river, cleansing and renewing everything in its way.
- By remaining steadfast and honorable, one can achieve lasting success and respect.
The Transformation of the Gǔ Hexagram Fifth Line
When Liù Wǔ moves, it transforms into the 57th Hexagram of the I Ching: Xùn wèi Fēng (巽为风). This hexagram is formed by two Xùn (巽) trigrams, representing wind. Wind symbolizes movement, influence, and adaptability. The message of this hexagram is that by adopting a humble, flexible, and accommodating attitude, one can achieve success and influence in any situation. Patience and subtlety are key to success.
Philosophical Meaning of the Sixth Line of the Gǔ Hexagram
Line Text: Shàng Jiǔ (上九): Bù shì wáng hóu, gāo shàng qí shì (不事王侯，高尚其事)
Interpretation of the Line Text:
- Bù shì wáng hóu (不事王侯): Means not to engage in royal or governmental affairs.
- Gāo shàng qí shì (高尚其事): Means to consider one’s actions as noble or of high moral standing.
This line represents the idea of withdrawing from worldly affairs and pursuing a higher, more noble path. It encourages detachment from the pursuit of power or status, focusing instead on personal integrity and higher ideals. For those who draw this hexagram, it suggests that the focus should be on self-cultivation and spiritual or moral development rather than seeking external rewards or recognition. The wisdom here is in knowing when to step back and seek fulfillment in quietude or simplicity.
Shàng Jiǔ: Bù shì wáng hóu, gāo shàng qí shì
For those who draw this hexagram, remember:
- Abandoning official duties and titles allows one to return to a simpler, more meaningful life.
- Disengage from worldly concerns and recognize that true nobility lies in spiritual or moral pursuits.
- There may be moments when progress seems blocked or delayed, but the result will be worth the wait.
- Like a fish waiting to be caught or a bird in the quiet forest, success comes when least expected.
- Patience and persistence will bring results, but one must stay true to their path and not doubt their progress.
The Transformation of the Gǔ Hexagram Sixth Line
When Shàng Jiǔ moves, it transforms into the 46th Hexagram of the I Ching: Dì Fēng Shēng (地风升). This hexagram is formed by the combination of Kūn (坤), representing Earth, and Xùn (巽), representing Wind. The Earth, full of potential, nurtures the wind, which rises, symbolizing progress and upward movement. This transformation signifies the growth of one’s endeavors, with success and prosperity achieved through steady progress and the nurturing of inner strength. The key message is that one’s situation will improve as they continue on their path, supported by their own determination and perseverance.