The Philosophical Meaning of Hexagram 14: “Dà Yǒu Guà” (大有卦)
Overview of Dà Yǒu Guà (大有卦)
The Dà Yǒu Guà (大有卦), or Hexagram 14, is an “异卦” (yì guà), an “opposite hexagram,” composed of Qián Guà (乾卦) above and Lí Guà (离卦) below. The upper trigram is Lí (离), representing Fire, and the lower trigram is Qián (乾), representing Heaven. In this arrangement, the fire is in the sky, illuminating everything below it, and the people naturally follow and obey. It symbolizes a time when one is in alignment with the will of Heaven, and when this alignment is followed, significant achievements are possible.
This hexagram represents the idea of great abundance, achievement, and success. The combination of Qián (Heaven, symbolizing strength and structure) and Lí (Fire, symbolizing clarity and brilliance) suggests that by acting with strength and in alignment with a bright and righteous path, great success can be attained.
Dà Yǒu (大有), meaning “Great Possession” or “Great Abundance,” is a hexagram that conveys the idea of great achievements and success that arise when one follows the correct path, in this case, by aligning oneself with the natural order or the “Tian Dào” (天道), the Way of Heaven. It suggests that if one remains true to righteousness and works in harmony with the forces of nature, success will naturally follow.
The Meaning Behind Dà Yǒu:
- Qián (乾), as the inner trigram, represents inner strength, suggesting that true beauty and success begin from within.
- Lí (离), as the outer trigram, symbolizes external brightness and clarity, showing that one’s actions should be transparent and honorable.
- True success comes when one’s inner character is aligned with their outer actions, reflecting a balance of sincerity and clarity.
A person with virtue who follows the principles of Dà Yǒu would focus on the natural order (天道), without overly worrying about their destiny. A Junzi (君子), or noble person, in this state of abundance, would act to prevent evil, praise good deeds, and help guide the world according to Heaven’s will. The key idea is to stop evil and promote goodness, and to align with the natural flow of life and destiny.
Interpretations of Dà Yǒu Guà
Philosophical Explanation:
The Dà Yǒu Guà represents the ideal of aligning oneself with the Way of Heaven and the natural flow of the universe. It is considered an upper hexagram, which symbolizes great achievements, prosperity, and fulfillment. In a divinatory context, Dà Yǒu Guà indicates success in all endeavors—whether seeking official positions or wealth, and even though there may be some twists and turns, the outcome will generally align with the seeker’s desires.
The Xiàng (象) text interprets this hexagram as: “Cutting trees and catching birds—this is a steady and secure action; disputes or controversies naturally disappear; marriage and partnerships require effort; if asked about a lost path, it will not be found.”
Commentaries by Scholars:
- Shào Yōng (邵雍), a Song Dynasty scholar, explains that this hexagram represents a time when good fortune is abundant, and everything proceeds smoothly, though it warns that extreme success can lead to eventual decline.
- Fù Pèi Róng, a prominent scholar from Taiwan, interprets this hexagram as a time of unmatched success. In terms of wealth, it advises taking bold action and the wealth will come. It also suggests maintaining virtuous behavior, which ensures prosperity, and it suggests that one should take care of health issues, particularly any excessive internal fire.
Traditional Interpretations:
Structure of the Hexagram:
This hexagram is formed by the combination of Qián (乾), Heaven, and Lí (离), Fire, stacked on top of each other. The fire represents light and illumination, while the sky above represents strength and order. Together, they symbolize the idea of heavenly light shining down upon the earth, guiding people toward success. It highlights that success and wealth come naturally when one follows the righteous path and the times are right.
The Dà Yǒu Guà represents abundance and prosperity achieved through the harmonious relationship between inner strength and outer clarity. The outer world must be illuminated with righteousness, and this leads to a strong, prosperous outcome.
Meaning and Advice from the Hexagram:
- Fortune and Luck: This hexagram signifies great prosperity and success that come when the time and environment are right. Everything that one hopes for—wealth, power, recognition—will come to fruition. However, be cautious, as things that are at their peak will eventually decline if not carefully managed.
- Career and Business: If one’s career is already progressing well, it is important not to become overconfident or arrogant. Rather, continue to do good, maintain integrity, and avoid indulgence. Avoid excessiveness, as that may lead to a downfall. By practicing honesty and maintaining a virtuous path, one can continue to advance without overstepping boundaries.
- Commercial Success: For businesses, this hexagram indicates prosperity and moving past previous difficulties. However, it advises against being overly greedy and emphasizes maintaining honesty, practicing fairness, and being diligent and frugal. One should be alert to market changes and adjust to new conditions when necessary, which will bring sustainable success.
- Seeking Fame: For those seeking fame, this hexagram signals that you have already achieved some recognition. However, do not become complacent. Keep working hard and avoid becoming trapped by worldly distractions. Continue striving with the help of true friends, and you will see further success.
- Marriage and Relationships: This hexagram suggests that you are in a favorable position in terms of relationships, with many potential options. It advises being careful in your choices. For those already in relationships, it stresses the importance of maintaining harmony and protecting your family.
- Decision-Making: Individuals who draw this hexagram are likely to be strong-willed, brave, and persistent in overcoming challenges. However, they must be cautious not to become complacent or overconfident. There are many obstacles ahead, and failure to stay vigilant may result in significant losses. It is essential to surround oneself with trustworthy friends and build strong relationships that support the path forward.
The Dà Yǒu Guà (大有卦) conveys the philosophical message of prosperity that comes when one is in harmony with the Way of Heaven (天道). It emphasizes that true success is achieved not through force or greed but through integrity, righteousness, and alignment with natural forces. This hexagram serves as a reminder to be humble, maintain virtue, and avoid excess, as even great success can eventually lead to decline if not handled with care and caution.
Philosophical Meaning of Hexagram Dà Yǒu First Line
First Line – Chū Jiǔ (初九)
The first line, Chū Jiǔ (初九), represents the beginning stage of making money, a time when one is in the difficult early stages of entrepreneurship. In this hexagram, the most prosperous position is Lí Wǔ (六五), and the first line, Chū Jiǔ, does not correspond directly with it, nor does it interact with it. There is no harm in this position, but it indicates a time of struggle and slow progress.
In the broader context of the hexagram, the other lines have stronger positions than Chū Jiǔ, so the first line cannot be forceful or confrontational. It simply must focus on cautious, diligent progress and the hard work needed to move forward. This is similar to a person who is not wealthy but is surrounded by others who are influential and wealthy. Instead of seeking to flatter or make alliances with these people, the person should focus on working hard to build their own wealth and progress steadily.
Chū Jiǔ: “No interaction, no harm; if one struggles, no harm.”
The key lessons for someone drawing this line are:
- Humility and caution are necessary to avoid mistakes. One should avoid rushing into action.
- Patience and diligence will lead to progress.
- Hardships are present, but they will not lead to failure if approached with the right mindset.
- Beware of overconfidence or arrogance, as excessive pride can lead to mistakes or downfall.
When things seem difficult, success will eventually come as long as one remains persistent and cautious.
The Changing Line of Chū Jiǔ:
When Chū Jiǔ moves, it transforms into Hexagram 50: Huǒ Fēng Dǐng (火风鼎), which is an opposite hexagram (lower Xùn and upper Lí) indicating a time of change and transformation. The image of cooking food or boiling wood suggests the process of change—old things are discarded, and new things are created. The Dǐng (鼎), or tripod cauldron, represents great potential and stability. The overall message of this hexagram is that difficulties are now transforming into abundance. A revolution or reformation is advised for future progress.
This suggests that once the basic groundwork has been done, it is time for change and development in one’s career, and abundance will follow.
Philosophical Meaning of Hexagram Dà Yǒu Second Line
Second Line – Jiǔ Èr (九二)
In this line, the Xiàng (象) commentary says: “A great cart is used to carry, and the accumulation in the center ensures success.” “Accumulation ensures success” means that success comes when you have sufficient resources or preparation. In the case of warfare, sufficient food, ammunition, and equipment ensure victory. In exams or endeavors, a wealth of knowledge guarantees success. Similarly, for those on the path of moral cultivation, virtue is the foundation of success.
For someone drawing this line, if they wish to accomplish something, they should first assess whether they have sufficient resources—in terms of wealth, abilities, and virtues—before taking action. This ensures that their efforts will be sound and free from error.
Jiǔ Èr: “A great cart carries; there is movement, no harm.”
Lessons for someone drawing this line:
- Success is more likely when you have prepared well and accumulated the necessary resources.
- Generosity and openness lead to favorable outcomes.
- Great achievements come when one is willing to work hard and act when the time is right.
- Balance and moderation are essential for long-term stability.
The second line suggests a time of prosperity and growth, where wise action will bring success, just as a well-loaded cart can carry its weight without tipping over.
The Changing Line of Jiǔ Èr:
When Jiǔ Èr changes, it becomes Hexagram 30: Lí wéi Huǒ (离为火), which is a same hexagram (both Lí). The Lí trigram symbolizes light and clarity, indicating that the situation is one where illumination and brilliance are key. This line advises that, like the sun which rises and falls, success comes through consistent, measured effort and a focus on clarity of purpose.
Philosophical Meaning of Hexagram Dà Yǒu Third Line
Third Line – Jiǔ Sān (九三)
This line represents strength and leadership, as the Yang line is placed in a strong position. It indicates someone who has potential for great influence or leadership, especially in public life. The highest authority in the hexagram is represented by Lí Wǔ (六五), who holds the Yīn position and can attract and treat others with respect and dignity. The line represents someone who is just and honorable, offering hospitality to others, particularly those of higher rank, while excluding those who are dishonorable or of low character.
The Xiàng (象) commentary explains: “A noble person is honored by the emperor, while a petty person brings harm.” This indicates that virtuous individuals are rewarded with positions of authority, while those of low character will not succeed. In the case of someone seeking fame or position, they must focus on their conduct and character, as moral integrity is the best recommendation.
Jiǔ Sān: “The noble person is honored by the emperor; the petty person does not succeed.”
Lessons for someone drawing this line:
- Focus on righteousness and virtue—moral character is the key to success.
- Leadership is attained by treating others with respect and humility, especially those who are of higher status or influence.
- Avoid arrogance and know that honor is earned through integrity.
The Changing Line of Jiǔ Sān:
When Jiǔ Sān changes, it transforms into Hexagram 38: Huǒ Zé Kuí (火泽睽), an opposite hexagram (lower Duì and upper Lí). This hexagram represents discord and contradiction. The imagery of fire above and water below suggests a situation where there is conflict or misalignment between two forces. This teaches that contradictions and divergence may arise, but they also lead to growth and transformation when properly understood.
This transformation serves as a reminder that challenges and disagreements often lead to change, but only if you are able to navigate them with wisdom and resilience.
Philosophical Meaning of Hexagram Dà Yǒu Fourth Line
Fourth Line – Jiǔ Sì (九四)
This line advises against flaunting wealth or indulging in greed. Jiǔ Sì (九四) represents a Yang line in a Yín position, indicating a loss of position and a sense of discontentment with the current situation, which may lead to greed. It warns that this greed is dangerous, especially when one is in a position close to a ruler or high authority. If one acts with excessive ambition, it could threaten the ruler or the stability of the situation. This is exemplified in the historical figure of Hé Shēn (和珅), a powerful official during the Qing Dynasty, whose extreme greed and ambition ultimately led to his downfall.
Jiǔ Sì: “If not like the Pang, there is no harm.”
The phrase “Páng shèng shàng qiān tuì” (彭盛尚谦退) suggests that even when one is prosperous, humility and caution are crucial. The warning is clear: greed can cause harm. It also suggests that wealth should not be flaunted, and one should be modest and restrained in their dealings.
Lessons for someone drawing this line:
- Restrain your desires and avoid excessive greed.
- Do not show off your wealth, as doing so may lead to trouble.
- Act with moderation, and be cautious in any financial dealings.
- Humility and self-restraint are wise and will lead to a favorable outcome.
The Changing Line of Jiǔ Sì:
When Jiǔ Sì moves, it transforms into Hexagram 26: Shān Tiān Dà Chù (山天大畜), which is an opposite hexagram (lower Qián and upper Gèn). The Qián trigram represents heaven, symbolizing strength and vitality, while Gèn represents a mountain, which is firm and immovable. The imagery here is about accumulation and stability, showing that great storehouses of strength or resources are being built. The message is clear: with effort and self-cultivation, one can accumulate wisdom and virtue despite challenges, making one stronger in the face of adversity.
Philosophical Meaning of Hexagram Dà Yǒu Fifth Line
Fifth Line – Liù Wǔ (六五)
For someone who draws the Liù Wǔ (六五) line, the advice is to engage with others through honesty and integrity. It stresses the importance of being respectful toward those in higher positions and being gentle and kind toward those beneath you. By demonstrating sincerity and truthfulness, you will inspire the same qualities in others, building your own credibility and authority. This approach leads to an outcome that is fortunate and harmonious, as people naturally respect those who are genuine and unpretentious.
Liù Wǔ: “The trust and connection are like this: greatness, prosperity, and good fortune.”
Lessons for someone drawing this line:
- Sincerity and respect lead to strong relationships.
- Treat others with kindness and humility, especially those above and below you.
- True authority is earned through genuine behavior.
- Honesty and simplicity will increase your influence and attract success.
The Changing Line of Liù Wǔ:
When Liù Wǔ moves, it becomes Hexagram 1: Qián wéi Tiān (乾为天), which is a same hexagram (both Qián). The Qián trigram represents heaven, symbolizing strength, leadership, and perseverance. It speaks of a pure, strong force that governs the world, indicating a time of success and expansion. The advice of this hexagram is to align oneself with the laws of nature and virtue, as success and prosperity come to those who remain steadfast and follow the right principles.
Philosophical Meaning of Hexagram Dà Yǒu Sixth Line
Sixth Line – Shàng Jiǔ (上九)
This line represents great fortune and divine blessing, signifying that you are the favored one. It suggests that everything you do will be prosperous, as you have the support of heaven. In this case, the phrase from Confucius, “Yòu zhě, zhù yě. Tiān zhī suǒ zhù zhě, shùn yě; rén zhī suǒ zhù zhě, xìn yě. Lǚ xìn sī hū shùn, yòu yǐ shàng xián yě, shì yǐ zì tiān yòu zhī, jí wú bù lì yě” (佑者，助也。天之所助者，顺也；人之所助者，信也。履信思乎顺，又以尚贤也，是以自天佑之，吉无不利也)” explains that divine help comes to those who follow the right path, and trustworthiness and virtue are keys to receiving support from both heaven and people. In this position, things will go smoothly, and good fortune will follow you, but it is important not to forget the principle of “safety through caution”—even when things are going well, difficulties may arise if one becomes too complacent.
Shàng Jiǔ: “Heaven blesses you, and everything is auspicious.”
Lessons for someone drawing this line:
- Good fortune and success are assured as long as you act honorably and with integrity.
- The key is to stay humble, cautious, and avoid becoming complacent when things are going well.
- Virtue attracts divine support, and integrity will guide you to success.
- Beware of excess—even in times of prosperity, avoid overconfidence, as things may change.
The Changing Line of Shàng Jiǔ:
When Shàng Jiǔ changes, it transforms into Hexagram 34: Léi Tiān Dà Zhuàng (雷天大壮), which is an opposite hexagram (lower Qián and upper Zhèn). The Zhèn trigram represents thunder, symbolizing movement, power, and energy, while Qián represents heaven, the ultimate source of strength. The combination of these elements suggests that the forces of nature are in full force, driving things forward with great energy. This is a time of great strength and action, where momentum leads to substantial achievements, and the key is to move boldly while remaining grounded and true to your principles.