Hexagram 49 of 64

I Ching Hexagram 49: Abolishing The Old (革)

Upper Trigram THE JOYOUS, LAKE
Lower Trigram THE CLINGING, FIRE

Overview

The Chinese character for this hexagram means in its original sense an animal's pelt, which is changed in the course of the year by molting. From this word is carried over to apply to the "moltings" in political life, the great revolutions connected with changes of governments. The two trigrams making up the hexagram are the same two that appear in K'uei, OPPOSITION

38, that is, the two younger daughters, Li and Tui. But while there the elder of the two daughters is above, and what results is essentially only an opposition of tendencies, here the younger daughter is above. The influences are in actual conflict, and the forces combat each other like fire and water (lake), each trying to destroy the other. Hence the idea of revolution.

The Judgment — Wilhelm/Baynes Translation

REVOLUTION. On your own day You are believed. Supreme success, Furthering through perseverance. Remorse disappears.

— Richard Wilhelm & Cary F. Baynes, The I Ching or Book of Changes (Princeton University Press, 1950)

Commentary

Political revolutions are extremely grave matters. They should be undertaken only under stress of direst necessity, when there is no other way out. Not everyone is called to this task, but only the man who has the confidence of the people, and even he only when the time is ripe. He must then proceed in the right way, so that he gladdens the people and, by enlightening them, prevents excesses. Furthermore, he must be quite free of selfish aims and must really relieve the need of the people. Only then does he have nothing to regret. Times change, and with them their demands. Thus the seasons change in the course of the year. In the world cycle also there are spring and autumn in the life of peoples and nations, and these call for social transformations.

The Image — Wilhelm/Baynes Translation

Fire in the lake: the image of REVOLUTION. Thus the superior man Sets the calendar in order And makes the seasons clear.

— Richard Wilhelm & Cary F. Baynes, The I Ching or Book of Changes (1950)

Commentary

Fire below and the lake above combat and destroy each other. So too in the course of the year a combat takes place between the forces of light and the forces of darkness, eventuating in the revolution of the seasons, and man is able to adjust himself in advance to the demands of the different times.

The Six Lines — Complete Commentary

Each line represents a stage in the unfolding situation. A line becomes "changing" when it transforms during divination.

  1. Line 1
    Wrapped in the hide of a yellow cow.
    Changes ought to be undertaken only when there is nothing else to be done. Therefore at first the utmost restraint is necessary. One must becomes firm in one's mind, control oneself-yellow is the color of the means, and the cow is the symbol of docility-and refrain from doing anything for the time being, because any premature offensive will bring evil results.
  2. Line 2
    When one's own day comes, one may create revolution.
    Starting brings good fortune. No blame.

    When we have tried in every other way to bring about reforms, but without success, revolution becomes necessary. But such a thoroughgoing upheaval must be carefully prepared. There must be available a man who has the requisite abilities and who possesses public confidence. To such a man we may well turn. This brings good fortune and is not a mistake. The first thing to be considered is our inner attitude toward the new condition that will inevitably come. We have to go out to meet it, as it were. Only in this way can it be prepared for.
  3. Line 3
    Starting brings misfortune. Perseverance brings danger. When talk of revolution has gone the rounds three times, One may commit himself, And men will believe him.
    When change is necessary, there are two mistakes to be avoided. One lies in excessive haste and ruthlessness, which bring disaster. The other lies in excessive hesitation and conservatism, which are also dangerous. Not every demand for change in the existing order should be heeded. On the other hand, repeated and well-founded complaints should not fail of a hearing. When talk of change has come to one's ears three times, and has been pondered well, he may believe and acquiesce in it. Then he will meet with belief and will accomplish something.
  4. Line 4
    Remorse disappears. Men believe him. Changing the form of government brings good fortune.
    Radical changes require adequate authority. A man must have inner strength as well as influential position. What he does must correspond with a higher truth and must not spring from arbitrary or petty motives; then it brings great good fortune. If a revolution is not founded on such inner truth, the results are bad, and it has no success. For in the end men will support only those undertakings which they feel instinctively to be just.
  5. Line 5
    The great man changes like a tiger. Even before he questions the oracle He is believed.
    A tigerskin, with its highly visible black stripes on a yellow ground, shows its distinct pattern from afar. It is the same with a revolution brought about by a great man: large, clear guiding lines become visible, understandable to everyone. Therefore he need not first consult the oracle, for he wins the spontaneous support of the people.
  6. Line 6
    The superior man changes like a panther.
    The inferior man molts in the face.

    Starting brings misfortune.

    To remain persevering brings good fortune.

    After the large and fundamental problems are settled, certain minor reforms, and elaborations of these, are necessary. These detailed reforms may be likened to the equally distinct but relatively small marks of the panther's coat. As a consequence, a change also takes place among the inferior people. In conformity with the new order, they likewise "molt." This molting, it is true, does not go very deep, but that is not to be expected. We must be satisfied with the attainable. If we should go too far and try to achieve too much, it would lead to unrest and misfortune. For the object of a great revolution is the attainment of clarified, secure conditions ensuring a general stabilization on the basis of what is possible at the moment.

♥ Hexagram 49 Abolishing The Old — Love & Relationships

When Hexagram 49, Revolution, appears in the context of love and relationships, it signals that something in the existing dynamic can no longer be sustained in its current form. The ancient image — fire burning beneath the lake, slowly and inevitably transforming the water — speaks to the kind of relational change that has been building beneath the surface and can no longer be avoided.

This hexagram does not counsel impulsive action in love. "On your own day you are believed" means that the change you know is necessary must be approached at the right moment and with genuine conviction, not reactive emotion. A relationship revolution that is carried out with honesty, care, and clear intention has the possibility of supreme success — either through a profound renewal of the bond or through an honest and dignified conclusion.

★ Hexagram 49 Abolishing The Old — Career & Work

Hexagram 49, Ko — Revolution — speaks to the necessity of fundamental change in your professional life. The image of fire beneath the lake captures a moment of irresistible transformation: when heat builds beneath still water, something must give. In career terms, this hexagram appears when the structures that once supported your work no longer serve their purpose, and clinging to the familiar only deepens frustration.

The I Ching teaches that revolution is not destruction for its own sake; it is restoration of right order. When you draw Hexagram 49 in the context of your career, the oracle signals that you have reached a turning point where remaining in place is more dangerous than making a decisive move. This may manifest as a long-overdue resignation, a courageous pivot to a new field, or the dismantling of an outdated work structure that stifles genuine contribution.

◆ Hexagram 49 Abolishing The Old — Money & Finances

Hexagram 49, Revolution, appearing in a financial reading signals that your current relationship with money, your investment strategy, or your financial structures have reached a critical turning point where fundamental change — not minor adjustment — is what the situation requires. The I Ching speaks with unusual directness here: the old financial order is ready to be transformed, and the question is whether you will undertake this transformation on your own terms or have it forced upon you by circumstances.

The fire-beneath-the-lake image maps precisely onto financial situations where internal pressure has been building beneath an apparently stable surface. Perhaps debts have been accumulating while spending patterns remained unchanged. Perhaps an investment strategy that worked in a previous market environment is now systematically producing losses. Perhaps income has declined while lifestyle expenses have not adjusted. Whatever the specific form, Ko identifies the moment when honest reckoning with financial reality can no longer be avoided.

☤ Hexagram 49 Abolishing The Old — Health & Wellbeing

Hexagram 49, Revolution, in the health domain is a powerful signal that your body, mind, or lifestyle has reached a turning point where the changes needed are not small adjustments but genuine transformation. The I Ching recognizes that health is not static — it is a dynamic state that requires us to continually reassess and, when necessary, revolutionize our relationship with our own bodies and the habits that sustain or undermine our vitality.

The fire-beneath-the-lake image speaks to processes that may have been building quietly beneath the surface of your daily life: chronic stress accumulating until the body breaks down, unhealthy patterns persisting until they produce symptoms too significant to ignore, or a lifestyle that worked in an earlier chapter proving inadequate to current demands. Ko does not judge how you arrived here; it simply tells you with great clarity that the moment for fundamental change has arrived.

☯ Hexagram 49 Abolishing The Old — Spiritual Growth

Hexagram 49, Revolution, in its spiritual dimension addresses one of the most profound experiences available to a human being: the fundamental transformation of the inner world. When fire burns beneath the lake, the water itself changes state — and so it is with the spirit that has encountered something it cannot remain unchanged by. Ko announces a moment of genuine spiritual revolution: old certainties are dissolving, old frameworks are proving inadequate, and a deeper truth is pressing to be born.

The I Ching places this hexagram among its most significant, recognizing that spiritual revolution — unlike incremental growth or the accumulation of wisdom — involves a qualitative shift in the nature of one's inner life. This may arrive as a crisis of faith, a mystical experience, a devastating loss that strips away everything previously relied upon, or the slow but unstoppable recognition that the spiritual frameworks of one's upbringing or early adulthood no longer hold the depth of experience one is living.

△ Hexagram 49 Abolishing The Old — Business & Strategy

Hexagram 49, Revolution, arrives in the business context as a clear signal: the current model, strategy, or organizational structure has reached the limits of its usefulness and must be fundamentally transformed. This is not a hexagram of incremental optimization — it speaks to the kind of ground-level rethinking that separates businesses that adapt and thrive from those that cling to familiar forms until disruption makes choice impossible.

The image of fire beneath the lake is particularly apt for business: internal forces — competitive pressure, technological change, shifting customer values, or internal dysfunction — have been building heat beneath what appears to be a stable surface. The I Ching asks you to see this clearly and act before the situation forces change on you under less favorable terms.

Frequently Asked Questions

Political revolutions are extremely grave matters. They should be undertaken only under stress of direst necessity, when there is no other way out. Not everyone is called to this task, but only the man who has the confidence of the people, and even he only when the time is ripe. He must then proceed in the right way, so that he gladdens the people and, by enlightening them, prevents excesses. Furthermore, he must be quite free of selfish aims and must really relieve the need of the people. Only

The I Ching does not provide simple yes or no answers. Hexagram 49, Abolishing The Old, offers guidance about the quality and direction of the current moment. Consult the judgment and image texts above for specific direction relevant to your question.

Changing lines indicate points of transformation within your reading. Each of the six lines in Hexagram 49 carries its own meaning — see the complete line commentary above for detailed guidance on each position.

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Sources

  • Wilhelm, Richard & Baynes, Cary F. The I Ching or Book of Changes. Princeton University Press, 1950.
  • Legge, James. The I Ching: Book of Changes. Dover Publications, 1963.
  • Huang, Alfred. The Complete I Ching. Inner Traditions, 1998.